Alphabets

Hindi Varnamala

, just as the English alphabet, has vowels and consonants. Here you can familiarize yourself with the Hindi alphabet - Hindi Varnamala.

Hindi is written in Devanagari. Hindi is spoken using a combination of 52 sounds - 10 vowels, 40 consonants, nasalisation and a kind of aspiration. These sounds are represented by 52 symbols: for 10 vowels, 2 modifiers and 40 consonants. And one special vowel and four common conjunct consonants, so it is a total of 57.

Vowels

Hindi alphabet has 10 vowels and 2 modifiers, the figures shown below each alphabet are called as "matra" symbols. Matra symbols are used when consonants and vowels are to be written together.

a	aa/A	e/i	ee/ii	u	oo/uu
e	ai	o	ou	aM	aH

Vowels Not In Common Use

ऋ	ॠ	ऌ	ॡ	ॐ
r^	r^^	l^	l^^	AUM

Consonants

Consonants in Hindi alphabet are shown below -

				ङ
ka	kha	ga	gha	nga
				ञ
cha	chha	ja	jha	nja
Ta	Tha	Da	Dha	Na
ta	tha	da	dha	na
pa	pha / fa	ba	bha	ma
ya	ra	la	va/wa	Sha
				त्र
shh	sa	ha	ksh	tra
ज्ञ
jnja

Dot+Consonants (Extensions)

ऩ	ऱ	ऴ	क़	ख़	ग़	ज़	ड़	ढ़	फ़	य़
.na	.ra	.La	.ka	.kha	.ga	.ja	.Da	.Dha	.fa	.ya

Special Symbols

The following symbols have a nasal pronunciation

Anusvara	Visarga	Chandra bindu	Chandra	Nukta	' virama	udatta
M	H	.~ dot + tilda	~ tilda	.N	` grave accent	.^ dot + ^
anudatta	Danda	Double Danda	Avagraha	Grave accent	Accute accent
._ dot+ under score	| vertical line	||	//	\	/

Writing Hindi Alphabet

You can use a transliteration software e.g. Google.